Robotics Tutorial

Robotics tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Robotics. Our Robotics tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.
Robotics is a multi functional, re-programmable, automatic industrial machine.
Our Robotics tutorial includes all topics of Robotics such as components, locomotion, artificial intelligence, sensors, hardware designing, power supply, microcontroller, Liquid Crystal Display, PCB etc.

In this tutorial, you will be able to understand the robotics tutorial better by robotics projects: Obstacle Avoider Robot, Line Follower Robot, Hand Gesture Controlled Robot and DTMF based Controlled Robot.

Robotics

Robotics is the term used in artificial intelligence that deals with a study of creating intelligent and efficient robots.

What are Robots

Robots are multifunctional, re-programmable, automatic industrial machine designed for replacing human in hazardous work.
Robots can be work as:-

• An automatic machine sweeper
• In space
• A machine removing mines in a war field
• An automatic car for a child to play with
• In military, etc.

Objective

The aim of the robot is to manipulate the objects by perceiving, moving, picking, modifying the physical properties of object.

What is Robotics

Robotics is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is mainly composed of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and computer science engineering for construction, designing and
application of robots.
Robotics is science of building or designing an application of robots. The aim of robotics is to design an efficient robot.

Aspects of Robotics

• The robots have electrical components for providing power and control the machinery.
• They have mechanical construction, shape, or form designed to accomplish a particular task.
• It contains some type of computer program that determines what, when and how a robot does something.

Robotics History

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First use of the word "Robotics":

The word robot was firstly introduced to public by Czech writer Karel Capek in his play Rossum's Universal Robots (R.U.R), published in 1920. The play begins with a factory that makes artificial people known as robots.
The word "Robotics", was coined accidentally by the Russian-born, American scientist, Issac Asimov in 1940s .

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The three laws of Robotics:

Issac Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a "zeroth law"

• Zeroth Law - A robot is not allowed to injured humanity, or, through inaction it allows humanity to come to harm.
• First Law - A robot can not injure a human being, or, through inaction it allows a human being to come to harm, unless it would violate the higher order law.
• Second Law - A robot should follow the orders given it by human beings, except when such orders give by humans would conflict with a higher order law.
• Third Law - A robot is allowed to protect its own existence as long as such protection would not conflict with a higher order law.

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The first industrial robot: UNIMATE

In 1954 first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this term to Unimation, which become the name of the first robot company in 1962.

Components of Robot

Consider the robot structure showing different components of robots are:

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Consider the key components of robotics are:-

• Power Supply - The working power to the robot is provided by batteries, hydraulic, solar power, or pneumatic power sources.
• Actuators - Actuators are the energy conversion device used inside a robot. The major function of actuators is to convert energy into movement.
• Electric motors (DC/AC)- Motors are electromechanical component used for converting electrical energy into its equivalent mechanical energy. In robots motors are used for providing rotational movement.
• Sensors - Sensors provide real time information on the task environment. Robots are equipped with tactile sensor it imitates the mechanical properties of touch receptors of human fingerprints and a vision sensor is used for computing the depth in the environment.
• Controller - Controller is a part of robot that coordinates all motion of the mechanical system. It also receives an input from immediate environment through various sensors. The heart of robot's controller is a microprocessor linked with the input/output and monitoring device. The command issued by the controller activates the motion control mechanism, consisting of various controller, actuators and amplifier.